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- <text id=94TT1749>
- <title>
- Dec. 12, 1994: Music:The Shock of the Old
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Dec. 12, 1994 To the Dogs
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ARTS & MEDIA/MUSIC, Page 99
- The Shock of the Old
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Conducting an orchestra playing original instruments, John Eliot
- Gardiner finds the revolutionary in Beethoven
- </p>
- <p>By Michael Walsh
- </p>
- <p> What did Beethoven's symphonies sound like to Beethoven? The
- composer was deaf for most of his creative life, so he heard
- his music in his head, but what sounds was he imagining as he
- wrote a score? And what did the music sound like to his listeners,
- before whose astonished ears Beethoven shattered the boundaries
- of the classical style and thus created the foundation of the
- modern orchestral repertoire?
- </p>
- <p> In their splendid new recording of Beethoven's nine symphonies
- on the Archiv label, English conductor John Eliot Gardiner and
- his Orchestre Revolutionnaire et Romantique aim to recreate
- the music of Beethoven as his audience experienced it. The brilliant
- and incisive Gardiner stands in the forefront of the original-instruments
- movement, whose adherents employ period instruments (originals
- and replicas) and the latest textual scholarship in order to
- play music as closely as possible to the way it was first heard.
- Having begun with the Baroque era, the movement has progressed
- to the 19th century. Gardiner already has a revelatory version
- of Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique (1828) to his credit.
- </p>
- <p> The Beethoven symphonies are his most ambitious project yet.
- The nine--which cover a technical and emotional range unmatched
- by the work of any other composer--are the bedrock of the
- conductor's art, and rare is the maestro who has not committed
- the cycle to disk at least once. Gardiner, however, has set
- out to do something different with these familiar pieces.
- </p>
- <p> We tend to hear Beethoven today as the precursor to the Romantics.
- Gardiner takes the opposite tack; for him, Beethoven is the
- natural successor to the classical school of Haydn (his teacher)
- and Mozart. After all, Beethoven did not know Bruckner and Mahler
- were on their way, but he certainly did know the music of his
- time, and Gardiner reveals (and revels in) Beethoven's links
- to it. In place of the weighty textures and stately pace that
- mark modern interpretations, Gardiner offers a Haydn-like sprightliness.
- </p>
- <p> For the past 150 years or so, as steel-stringed fiddles and
- machine-tooled valve horns replaced their forebears, the orchestra
- has achieved a golden sheen but at the expense of clarity. Instruments
- that are perfect for late-19th century music do not necessarily
- suit 18th century compositions, not even those of Beethoven,
- who straddles the two eras. "Later instruments have a way of
- blurring the edges of the music," explains Gardiner. With original
- instruments, he says, "what you lose in opulence, you gain in
- extra transparency."
- </p>
- <p> Another result of the modernization of instruments is that tempos
- have become slower than Beethoven intended. The strings of his
- time simply could not sustain chords as long as the instruments
- of today can. Gardiner takes Beethoven's metronome markings--once scorned as impossibly brisk--at face value. The performances
- are therefore far nimbler than is typical, but such is the virtuosity
- of Gardiner's 60-piece orchestra that the music never seems
- rushed or scrambled. Listen, for example, to the famous finale
- of the Ninth Symphony. The "Turkish march" usually sounds like
- an inappropriately comic intrusion in an otherwise profound
- movement. Gardiner takes the passage nearly twice as fast as
- most other conductors do, and as a result it sounds fitting,
- a natural outgrowth of the period's fascination with martial
- Janissary music.
- </p>
- <p> This refreshing approach distinguishes the whole set. The Fifth
- Symphony speeds along inexorably, while the exultant Seventh,
- with valveless horns soaring at the top of their range, shouts
- its joy to the heavens. The more carefree, underappreciated
- even-numbered symphonies--especially the gentle Fourth, the
- pastoral Sixth and the unbuttoned Eighth--emerge as showcases
- for Beethoven's wit, erudition and command of his form.
- </p>
- <p> The real winner, though, is the Third Symphony. Shorn of its
- "traditional" portentousness, the "Eroica" stands revealed as
- the innovative, avant-garde piece it really is. It has long
- been a cliche that in this work, twice the length of any symphony
- before it, Beethoven threw off the shackles of the 18th century.
- And he did. But the magnitude of his achievement is obscured
- if we view the Third simply as a primitive version of the full-blown
- Romanticism that followed. Gardiner forces us to compare this
- and all the symphonies with what came before them, not what
- came after. "I believe the use of period instruments helps us
- not only to hear more in ((Beethoven's)) symphonies," he says,
- but "serves also to reinforce the revolutionary side of his
- genius." We listen to the music as it was when it was new, in
- all its terror and wonder.
-
- </p></body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-